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Sun Conebushes - Leucadendrons

Swartberg Conebush - Leucadendron barkerae

Female		Male
			Habit: Erect shrub to 2m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: September - October Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Rare, known from isolated, discrete stands of a few hundred plants Habitat: Dry areas bordering Karoo, 1100-1350m Distribution: Bonteberg to Witteberg, Swartberg, Waboomsberg, Langeberg at Koo

Riviersonderend Conebush - Leucadendron burchellii

Female		Male
			Habit: Erect shrub to 1.6m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: August Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Rare, two dense populations are known Habitat: Northern slopes, stony or sandy sandstone soils, 800-1000m Distribution: Riversonderend Mountains from Jonaskop to McGregor

Droopy Conebush - Leucadendron cordatum

Male

Habit: Erect or sprawling shrub to 1m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: June - July Pollinator: Small beetles, perhaps rodents - more information required Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Rare, known from a few isolated stands Habitat: Rocky sandstone soils, 500-1900m Distribution: Langeberg between Koo and Barrydale and Swartberg near Klaarstroom

Du Toit's Kloof Conebush - Leucadendron daphnoides

Female		Male
			Habit: Erect shrub to 1.5m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: July - September Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Vulnerable, well-isolated stands are extensive and dense but best stands are being lost to forestry Habitat: Granite slopes, 250 -1000m Distribution: Slanghoek and Du Toit's Kloof Mountains and Stettynskloof Mountains

Green-Flower Sunbush - Leucadendron loranthifolium

Male

Habit: A shrub to 2m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: July - September Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Not rare, dense populations do occur Habitat: Sandy ot stony sandstone soils, 80-1000m Distribution: Gifberg, Cederberg, Sandveld and Hex River Mountains

Van Rhynsdorp Conebush - Leucadendron meyerianum

Female	Male
		Habit: A shrub to 2m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: August Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Rare, encountered as small populations Habitat: Level, sandstone sands, 830m Distribution: Bokkeveld escarpment around Nieuwoudtville

Van Staden's Conebush - Leucadendron orientale

		Male
			Habit: A shrub up to 1.3m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: June and July Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Vulnerable as a result of aforestation and invasion by alien vegetation, a few populations Habitat: Heavy sandstone soils, 150-850m Distribution: Elandsberg from Loerie to Van Stadens Mountains

Purple-leaf Conebush - Leucadendron pubibracteolatum

Female		Male
			Habit: Erect shrub to 1.3m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: July - August Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Rare, a few isolated stands Habitat: Stony, sandstone soils, 300-1000m Distribution: Outeniqua, Kouga and Baviaanskloof Mountains from George to Joubertina, Scholtzberg, Swartberg and Kammanassie Mountains

Sun Conebush - Leucadendron sessile

Female		Male
			Habit: A shrub up to 1.5m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: July - August Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Not threatened, extensive, dense stands occur Habitat: Granite clays on mountain slopes, 10-600m Distribution: Witsenberg, Elandskloof to Slanghoek Mountains, Hottentots-Holland Mountains from Jonkershoek to Kogelberg

Spicy Conebush - Leucadendron tinctum

Female		Male
			Habit: Erect shrub to 1.3m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: July - August Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Rare, a few isolated stands Habitat: Stony, sandstone soils, 300-1000m Distribution: Outeniqua, Kouga and Baviaanskloof Mountains from George to Joubertina, Scholtzberg, Swartberg and Kammanassie Mountains

Tradouw Conebush - Leucadendron tradouwense

Female		Male
			Habit: An erect shrub up to 2m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: June Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: Vulnerable, known from 2 discrete dense stands Habitat: Steep, southern slopes, sandstone soils, 160-180m Distribution: Langeberg from Tradouw Pass to Groot Vadersbos

Toffeeapple Conebush - Leucadendron 'touwsrivierenses'

Female		Male
			Habit: Erect shrub to 1.5m tall Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants Flowers: Spring (time not yet adequately determined) Pollinator: Small beetles Fruit: Dropped to ground after two months of ripening Seed dispersal: By rodents, specifically Acomus the Cape Spiny Mouse Seed storage: Cached underground in food stores Rarity status: An undescribed species known from only a few localities where it is very common Habitat: Quartzitic (sandstone) soils in arid areas Distribution: Bontberg and Hex River north of Touws River

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