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Sunshine Conebushes - Leucadendrons


Dune Conebush - Leucadendron coniferum

Female Male
Dune Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Dune Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: A shrub to 4m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: August - September
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened, dense isolated stands occur
Habitat: Wind-blown sands, 0-300m
Distribution: Cape Peninsula, Kogelberg, Kleinmond, Groenland and Klein River Mountains

Visgat Conebush - Leucadendron diemontianum

Female Male
Visgat Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Visgat Conebush - Photo: NBI Collection Habit: A shrub to 2.2m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: June
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Rare, known from 3 isolated populations
Habitat: Wind-blown sands, 0-300m
Distribution: Groot Winterhoek foothills at Visgat, Onderboskloof and Rosendal and at Heuningvlei in the nothern Cederberg

Gum-leaf Conebush - Leucadendron eucalyptifolium

Female Male
Gum-leaf Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Gum-leaf Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: A shrub to 4m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: July - October
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened, often in dense and extensive stands
Habitat: Sands, mainly sandstone derived, 160-1400m
Distribution: Potberg,, Riversdale Flats, Langeberg, Outeniqua, Tsitsikamma and Kouga Mountains and Elandsberg, Swartberg, Waboomsberg, Warmwaterberg, Touwsberg, Rooiberg and Soetwaterberg

Worcester Conebush - Leucadendron flexuosum

Female Male
Worcester Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Worcester Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: A spindly shrub up to 2.5m tall
Fire survival:
Resprouts from underground bole
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: April - May
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Endangered. Known from a single population
Habitat: Level alluvial soils, 180-200m
Distribution: Breede River Valley at Hartebeest River

Broad-leaf Conebush - Leucadendron gandogeri

Female Male
Broad-leaf Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Broad-leaf Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Rounded shrub to 1.6m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: August and September
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened, often in dense communities
Habitat: Stony mountain slopes on sandy soils, 0-1350m
Distribution: Hottentots-Holland Mountains, Kogelberg, Kleinmond, Groenland, Babylonstoring, Klein River and Bredasdorp Mountains

Golden Conebush - Leucadendron laureolum

Female Male
Golden Sunshinebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Golden Sunshinebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Rounded shrub to 2m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: June
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened, often in dense communities
Habitat: Varied, but usually sandy soils, 0-1000m
Distribution: Cape Peninsula to Potberg and Riviersonderend

Limestone Conebush - Leucadendron meridianum

Female Male
Limestone Conebush - Photo: Richard Cowling Limestone Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Rounded shrub to 2m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: June
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened, often in dense communities
Habitat: Varied, but usually sandy soils, 0-1000m
Distribution: Cape Peninsula to Potberg and Riviersonderend

Ivory Conebush - Leucadendron procerum

Female Male
Ivory Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Ivory Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Rounded shrub to 3m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: August
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Rare, Localised in dense stands
Habitat: Sandstones sands, 300-670m
Distribution: Bokkeveld escarpment, Gifberg, Cederberg to Olifants River Mountains, northern Sandveld

Common Sunshine Conebush - Leucadendron salignum 

Female Male
Common Sunshine Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Common Sunshine Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Multi-stemmed shrub to 2m tall
Fire survival: Resprouts from underground bole
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: April - November
Pollinator: Small Beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: The most common protea
Habitat: Catholic: almost everywhere, 0-2000m
Distribution: Nieuwoudtville to Cape Peninsula to Grahamstown

Fragrant Spearleaf Conebush - Leucadendron spissifolium fragrans

Female
Fragrent Spearleaf Conebush - Photo: David Osborne Habit: Shrub up to 1.3m tall
Fire survival: Resprouts from underground bole
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: Setember - October
Pollinator: Small Beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened
Habitat: Damp sandstone soils, south slopes, 0-1500m
Distribution: Langeberg and Outeniqua Mountains

Common Spearleaf Conebush - Leucadendron spissifolium spissifolium

Female Male
Common Spearleaf Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Common Spearleaf Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Shrub up to 1.3m tall
Fire survival: Resprouts from underground bole
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: Setember - October
Pollinator: Small Beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened
Habitat: Damp sandstone soils, south slopes, 0-1500m
Distribution: Gifberg, Cederberg, Koue Bokkeveld, Olifants River Mountains, Piketberg, Cape Peninsula, Cape Flats, Groot Winterhoek Mountains to Langeberg, Waboomsberg, Kogelberg to Elim to Riversonderend Mountains, Caledon

Peninsula Conebush - Leucadendron strobilinum

Female Male
Peninsula Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Peninsula Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: A shrub up to 2.6m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: September - October
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Rare, dense isolated stands occur
Habitat: Southern damp rocky slopes, 500-1100m
Distribution: Table Mountain to Kommetjie on the Cape Peninsula

Sickle-leaf Conebush - Leucadendron xanthoconus

Female Male
Sickle-leaf Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Sickle-leaf Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: A dense shrub up to 2m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: August
Pollinator: Small Beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Wind - seeds winged
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened, abundant in extensive stands
Habitat: Lower slopes on sandstone soils, 0-670m
Distribution: Cape Peninsula, Hottentots-Holland and Groenland Mountains, Kogelberg, Kleinmond, Klein River Mountains to Bredasdorp Mountains, Elim Flats, Caledon, Swartberg, Riviersonderend Mountains and Potberg

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