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Delta-seed Conebushes - Leucadendrons


Garden-Route Conebush - Leucadendron conicum

Female
Garden-Route Conebush - Photo: Chris Berens Habit: Tall shrub to 6m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: October - November
Pollinator: Small beetles
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened
Habitat: Damp valleys, kloofs and streams, 300-1000m
Distribution: Langeberg, Outeniqua and Tsitsikamma Mountains, Elandsberg and Garden Route flats

Flats Conebush - Leucadendron floridum

Female Male
Flats Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Flats Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Tall shrub to 2m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: September - October
Pollinator: Wind
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Endangered, due to urbanisation and draining of swamps
Habitat: Damp waterlogged soils and near streams, 10-200m
Distribution: Cape Flats from Rondebosch to Kuils River, Cape Peninsula around most vleis

Loerie Conebush - Leucadendron loeriense

Female Male
Loerie Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Loerie Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: A shrub up to 2.5m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: December and January
Pollinator: Insects
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Rare, known from a few dense stands at widely separated localities
Habitat: Sandstone soils, 450-1200m
Distribution: Elandsberg, Baviaanskloof and Winterhoek Mountains

Acacia Conebush - Leucadendron macowanii

Female Male
Acacia Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Acacia Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Tall shrub to 2.3m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: May - July
Pollinator: Wind
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Endangered, due to agriculture, urbanisation and invasive alien acacias
Habitat: Damp sands near streams, 60-200m
Distribution: Cape Peninsula at Smitswinkel Bay and Wynberg

Pondoland Conebush - Leucadendron pondoense

Female Male
Pondoland Conebush - Photo: NBI Collection Pondoland Conebush - Photo: NBI Collection Habit: Tall shrub to 6m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: September - December
Pollinator: Wind
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not rare, grows in dense stands
Habitat: Riverbeds, altitude unknown
Distribution: Pondoland, from Port St Johns to Port Edward

Langeberg Conebush - Leucadendron radiatum

Female Male
Langeberg Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Langeberg Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: A dense, robust up to 0.6m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: October to December
Pollinator: Wind
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Rare, small dense clumps in 3 known populations
Habitat: Southern summit slopes, 910-1700m
Distribution: Langeberg from Grootberg to Kampscheberg, possibly at Witelsberg

Uniondale Conebush - Leucadendron rourkei

Feale
Uniondale Conebush - Photo: David Osborne Habit: Tall shrub to 5m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: December - January
Pollinator: Wind
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Rare, poorly known
Habitat: Steep southern slopes on shale or stony soils, 1370-1700m
Distribution: Kammanasie and Kouga Mountains and eastern Swartberg

Riverine Conebush - Leucadendron salicifolium

Female Male
Riverine Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Riverine Conebush - Photo: Nigel Forshaw Habit: Tall shrub to 3m tall, single trunk
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: July - September
Pollinator: Wind
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not threatened
Habitat: Rivers and seeps on mountains, 0-1000m
Distribution: Porterville to Kogelberg to Langeberg

Outeniqua Conebush - Leucadendron uliginosum uliginosum

Female Male
Outeniqua Conebush - Photo: David Osborne Outeniqua Conebush - Photo: NBI Collection Habit: Tall shrub to 2.3m tall
Fire survival: Killed, only seeds survive
Sexual system: Flowers of one sex on separate plants
Flowers: November
Pollinator: Insects
Fruit: Stored on plant, released after fire
Seed dispersal: Dropped, perhaps a little wind
Seed storage: In cones on female plants
Rarity status: Not rare, occurs in dense continuous stands
Habitat: Stony sandstone soils, 500-1000m
Distribution: Outeniqua and Tsitsikamma Mountains

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