SANBI

NEM: BA Listing - Category 4 Candidates Proposal

· Protea aurea and all derived fertile hybrids– not permitted outside of natural range in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal within 5 km of natural populations of other members of White Water Proteas (P. lacticolor, P. mundii, P. punctata, P. subvestita).
Reason: Hybrid swarms of these species found at Kirstenbosch, Helderberg, Harold Porter and other areas where grown together.

· Protea lacticolor and all derived fertile hybrids– not permitted outside of natural range in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal within 5 km of natural populations of other members of White Water Proteas (P. aurea, P. mundii, P. punctata, P. subvestita).
Reason: Hybrid swarms of these species found at Kirstenbosch, Helderberg, Harold Porter and other areas where grown together.

· Protea longifolia and all derived fertile hybrids – not permitted within the Western and Eastern Cape outside of its natural range (i.e. Fynbos outside of Kogelberg and Overberg Sandstone Fynbos).
Reason: Prolific hybridizer with an extremely wide range of species.

· Protea mundii and all derived fertile hybrids– not permitted outside of natural range in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal within 5 km of natural populations of other members of White Water Proteas (P. aurea, P. lacticolor, P. punctata, P. subvestita).
Reason: Hybrid swarms of these species found at Kirstenbosch, Helderberg, Harold Porter and other areas where grown together.

· Protea neriifolia – not permitted within the distribution range of Protea lepidocarpodendron or 1 km thereof. (Cape Peninsula, Helderberg, coastal towns and mountains from Pringle Bay to Stanford).
Reason: No genetic barrier – hybridization ensues. Red Listed as VU (in prep.) because of this threat.

· Protea punctata and all derived fertile hybrids– not permitted outside of natural range in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal within 5 km of natural populations of other members of White Water Proteas (P. aurea, P. lacticolor, P. mundii, P. subvestita).
Reason: Hybrid swarms of these species found at Kirstenbosch, Helderberg, Harold Porter and other areas where grown together.

· Protea subvestita and all derived fertile hybrids– not permitted outside of natural range in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape within 5 km of natural populations of other members of White Water Proteas (P. aurea, P. lacticolor, P. mundii, P. punctata).
Reason: Hybrid swarms of these species found at Kirstenbosch, Helderberg, Harold Porter and other areas where grown together.

· Protea susannae and all derived fertile hybrids - not permitted within the Western and Eastern Cape outside of its natural range (i.e. Fynbos outside of Agulhas Plain, and Agulhas, De Hoop & Canca Limestone Fynbos).
Reason: Prolific hybridizer with many species.

· All fertile hybrids and fertile cultivars of White Water Proteas) – not permitted in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal within 5 km of natural populations of any member of White Water Proteas (P. aurea, P. lacticolor, P. mundii, P. punctata, P. subvestita).
Reason: Hybrid swarms of these species found at Kirstenbosch, Helderberg, Harold Porter and other areas where grown together.

Note:

That this zonation makes use of Ecosystems defined elsewhere in NEM:BA (Chapter 4).
The distance of 5 km is precautionary. It might be that 2 km might suffice, for instance for insect pollination. A distance of 1 km is definitely not sufficient for bird-pollinated species, until we have information showing otherwise. A lot will depend on whether we want to “exclude” hybridization or “minimize” hybridization within acceptable levels – if the latter, than standards will have to be researched and defined.
That this list does not include Cultivars which are able to hybridize with their parent species. All cultivars and propagated hybrids of Proteaceae, Rooibos Tea, Honeybush Tea and Buchu, and any other plant derived from indigenous parents, should be subject to a Risk Assessment to determine their potential to hybridize with related species growing naturally. New cultivars and propagated hybrids should be assessed as part of their registration process. It may be worthwhile investigating a restriction that by 2020, only sterile and pollen-sterile cultivars derived from indigenous species will be permitted to be grown in the provinces in which the parent species occur.

Tony Rebelo

June 2005

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